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			<h1>Python3 <span class="color_h1">运算符</span></h1>
<hr><h2>什么是运算符？</h2>
<p>本章节主要说明 Python 的运算符。</p>
<p>举个简单的例子:</p> <pre>4 + 5 = 9</pre>
<p>例子中，<strong>4</strong> 和 <strong>5</strong> 被称为<strong>操作数</strong>，<span class="marked">+</span> 称为<strong>运算符</strong>。</p>
<p>Python 语言支持以下类型的运算符:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ysf1">算术运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf2">比较（关系）运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf3">赋值运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf4">逻辑运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf5">位运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf6">成员运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf7">身份运算符</a></li>
<li><a href="#ysf8">运算符优先级</a></li>
</ul>
<p>接下来让我们一个个来学习Python的运算符。</p><hr>
<h2 id="ysf1">Python算术运算符</h2>
<p>以下假设变量 <span class="marked">a=10</span>，变量 <span class="marked">b=21</span>：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>+</td><td>加 - 两个对象相加</td><td> a + b 输出结果 31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td><td>减 - 得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数</td><td> a - b 输出结果 -11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>*</td><td>乘 - 两个数相乘或是返回一个被重复若干次的字符串</td><td> a * b 输出结果 210</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/</td><td>除 - x 除以 y</td><td> b / a 输出结果 2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>%</td><td>取模 - 返回除法的余数</td><td> b % a 输出结果 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>**</td><td>幂 - 返回x的y次幂</td><td> a**b 为10的21次方</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>//</td><td>取整除 - 往小的方向取整数</td><td> 
<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; 9//2
4
&gt;&gt;&gt; -9//2
-5</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

<p>以下实例演示了Python所有算术运算符的操作：</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">21</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> - </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> * </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> / </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> % </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 修改变量 a 、b 、c</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">3</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">**</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">6 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">//</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">7 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - c 的值为： 31
2 - c 的值为： 11
3 - c 的值为： 210
4 - c 的值为： 2.1
5 - c 的值为： 1
6 - c 的值为： 8
7 - c 的值为： 2
</pre>

<hr><h2 id="ysf2">Python比较运算符</h2>
<p>以下假设变量a为10，变量b为20：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th width="10%">运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>==</td><td> 等于 - 比较对象是否相等</td><td> (a == b) 返回 False。 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>!=</td><td> 不等于 - 比较两个对象是否不相等</td><td> (a != b) 返回 True。 </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>&gt;</td><td> 大于 - 返回x是否大于y</td><td> (a &gt; b) 返回 False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;</td><td> 小于 - 返回x是否小于y。所有比较运算符返回1表示真，返回0表示假。这分别与特殊的变量True和False等价。注意，这些变量名的大写。</td><td> (a &lt; b) 返回 True。 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;=</td><td> 大于等于 - 返回x是否大于等于y。</td><td> (a &gt;= b) 返回 False。</td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;=</td><td> 小于等于 - 返回x是否小于等于y。</td><td> (a &lt;= b) 返回 True。 </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>以下实例演示了Python所有比较运算符的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">21</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - a 等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - a 不等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> != </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - a 不等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - a 等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &lt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - a 小于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - a 大于等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - a 大于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - a 小于等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 修改变量 a 和 b 的值</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &lt;= </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - a 小于等于 b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - a 大于  b</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> &gt;= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">6 - b 大于等于 a</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">6 - b 小于 a</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>

<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - a 不等于 b
2 - a 不等于 b
3 - a 大于等于 b
4 - a 大于 b
5 - a 小于等于 b
6 - b 大于等于 a
</pre> 
<hr><h2 id="ysf3">Python赋值运算符</h2> 
<p>以下假设变量a为10，变量b为20：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>=</td><td>简单的赋值运算符</td><td> c = a + b 将 a + b 的运算结果赋值为 c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>+=</td><td>加法赋值运算符</td><td> c += a 等效于 c = c + a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-=</td><td>减法赋值运算符</td><td> c -= a 等效于 c = c - a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>*=</td><td>乘法赋值运算符</td><td> c *= a 等效于 c = c * a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/=</td><td>除法赋值运算符</td><td> c /= a 等效于 c = c / a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>%=</td><td>取模赋值运算符</td><td> c %= a 等效于 c = c % a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>**=</td><td>幂赋值运算符</td><td> c **= a 等效于 c = c ** a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>//=</td><td> 取整除赋值运算符</td><td> c //= a 等效于 c = c // a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:=</td><td>海象运算符，可在表达式内部为变量赋值。<strong>Python3.8 版本新增运算符</strong>。</td><td><p>在这个示例中，赋值表达式可以避免调用 len() 两次:</p>
<pre>if (n := len(a)) &gt; 10:
    print(f"List is too long ({n} elements, expected &lt;= 10)")</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>以下实例演示了Python所有赋值运算符的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">21</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> += </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> *= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> /= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> %= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> **= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">6 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> //= </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">7 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - c 的值为： 31
2 - c 的值为： 52
3 - c 的值为： 1092
4 - c 的值为： 52.0
5 - c 的值为： 2
6 - c 的值为： 2097152
7 - c 的值为： 99864
</pre>
<hr><h2 id="ysf5">Python位运算符</h2> 
<p>
按位运算符是把数字看作二进制来进行计算的。Python中的按位运算法则如下：</p>
<p>下表中变量 a 为 60，b 为 13二进制格式如下：</p>
<pre>
a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

-----------------

a&amp;b = 0000 1100

a|b = 0011 1101

a^b = 0011 0001

~a  = 1100 0011</pre>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&amp;</td><td>按位与运算符：参与运算的两个值,如果两个相应位都为1,则该位的结果为1,否则为0</td><td> (a &amp; b) 输出结果 12 ，二进制解释： 0000 1100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>|</td><td> 按位或运算符：只要对应的二个二进位有一个为1时，结果位就为1。</td><td> (a | b) 输出结果 61 ，二进制解释： 0011 1101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>^</td><td>按位异或运算符：当两对应的二进位相异时，结果为1 </td><td> (a ^ b) 输出结果 49 ，二进制解释： 0011 0001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>~</td><td> 按位取反运算符：对数据的每个二进制位取反,即把1变为0,把0变为1。<span class="marked">~x</span> 类似于 <span class="marked">-x-1</span> </td><td> (~a ) 输出结果 -61 ，二进制解释： 1100 0011， 在一个有符号二进制数的补码形式。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;&lt;</td><td>左移动运算符：运算数的各二进位全部左移若干位，由"&lt;&lt;"右边的数指定移动的位数，高位丢弃，低位补0。</td><td> a &lt;&lt; 2 输出结果 240 ，二进制解释： 1111 0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;&gt;</td><td>右移动运算符：把"&gt;&gt;"左边的运算数的各二进位全部右移若干位，"&gt;&gt;"右边的数指定移动的位数 </td><td> a &gt;&gt; 2 输出结果 15 ，二进制解释： 0000 1111</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>以下实例演示了Python所有位运算符的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">60</span><span class="hl-code">            </span><span class="hl-comment"># 60 = 0011 1100 </span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">13</span><span class="hl-code">            </span><span class="hl-comment"># 13 = 0000 1101 </span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &amp; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">        </span><span class="hl-comment"># 12 = 0000 1100</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> | </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">        </span><span class="hl-comment"># 61 = 0011 1101 </span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> ^ </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code">        </span><span class="hl-comment"># 49 = 0011 0001</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = ~</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">           </span><span class="hl-comment"># -61 = 1100 0011</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &lt;&lt; </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">       </span><span class="hl-comment"># 240 = 1111 0000</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> &gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">       </span><span class="hl-comment"># 15 = 0000 1111</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">6 - c 的值为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - c 的值为： 12
2 - c 的值为： 61
3 - c 的值为： 49
4 - c 的值为： -61
5 - c 的值为： 240
6 - c 的值为： 15
</pre>
<hr><h2 id="ysf4">Python逻辑运算符</h2>
<p>Python语言支持逻辑运算符，以下假设变量 a 为 10, b为 20:</p>

<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>运算符</th><th>逻辑表达式</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>and</td><td>x and y</td><td> 布尔"与" - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 x 的值，否则返回 y 的计算值。  </td><td> (a and b) 返回 20。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>or</td><td>x or y</td><td>布尔"或" - 如果 x 是 True，它返回 x 的值，否则它返回 y 的计算值。</td><td> (a or b) 返回 10。</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>not</td><td>not x</td><td>布尔"非" - 如果 x 为 True，返回 False 。如果 x 为 False，它返回 True。</td><td> not(a and b) 返回 False </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">and</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - 变量 a 和 b 有一个不为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">or</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true，或其中一个变量为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - 变量 a 和 b 都不为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 修改变量 a 的值</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">and</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - 变量 a 和 b 有一个不为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">or</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true，或其中一个变量为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - 变量 a 和 b 都不为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">not</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">and</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 false，或其中一个变量为 false</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">5 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true
2 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true，或其中一个变量为 true
3 - 变量 a 和 b 有一个不为 true
4 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 true，或其中一个变量为 true
5 - 变量 a 和 b 都为 false，或其中一个变量为 false
</pre>
<hr><h2 id="ysf6">Python成员运算符</h2> 
<p>除了以上的一些运算符之外，Python还支持成员运算符，测试实例中包含了一系列的成员，包括字符串，列表或元组。</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>in</td><td>
如果在指定的序列中找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td>
<td> x 在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 在 y 序列中返回 True。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>not in</td><td>如果在指定的序列中没有找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td>
<td>x 不在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 不在 y 序列中返回 True。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>以下实例演示了Python所有成员运算符的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">list</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-brackets">[</span><span class="hl-number">1</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">3</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">4</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">]</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">in</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">list</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - 变量 a 在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - 变量 a 不在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">not</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">in</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">list</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - 变量 b 不在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - 变量 b 在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 修改变量 a 的值</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">in</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">list</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - 变量 a 在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - 变量 a 不在给定的列表中 list 中</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - 变量 a 不在给定的列表中 list 中
2 - 变量 b 不在给定的列表中 list 中
3 - 变量 a 在给定的列表中 list 中
</pre>
<hr><h2 id="ysf7">Python身份运算符</h2>
<p> 
身份运算符用于比较两个对象的存储单元</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th width="10%">运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>实例</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>is</td><td>
is 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象</td><td> <strong>x is y</strong>, 类似 <strong>id(x) == id(y)</strong> , 如果引用的是同一个对象则返回 True，否则返回 False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>is not</td><td>is not 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自不同对象</td><td><strong> x is not y</strong> ， 类似 <strong>id(x) != id(y)</strong>。如果引用的不是同一个对象则返回结果 True，否则返回 False。 </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>注：</strong> <a href="../python/python-func-id.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">id()</a> 函数用于获取对象内存地址。</p>
<p>以下实例演示了Python所有身份运算符的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">is</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - a 和 b 有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">1 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-builtin">id</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-builtin">id</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - a 和 b 有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">2 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 修改变量 b 的值</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">30</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">is</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - a 和 b 有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">3 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">is</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">not</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">4 - a 和 b 有相同的标识</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
1 - a 和 b 有相同的标识
2 - a 和 b 有相同的标识
3 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识
4 - a 和 b 没有相同的标识
</pre>
<blockquote>
<p>is 与 == 区别：</p>
<p>is 用于判断两个变量引用对象是否为同一个， == 用于判断引用变量的值是否相等。</p>
<div class="example"> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-code">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-brackets">[</span><span class="hl-number">1</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">2</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">3</span><span class="hl-brackets">]</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">is</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">True</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">True</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-brackets">[</span><span class="hl-code">:</span><span class="hl-brackets">]</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">is</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">False</span><span class="hl-code">
&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> == </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">True</span></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<hr><h2 id="ysf8">Python运算符优先级</h2>
<p>以下表格列出了从最高到最低优先级的所有运算符， 相同单元格内的运算符具有相同优先级。 运算符均指二元运算，除非特别指出。 相同单元格内的运算符从左至右分组（除了幂运算是从右至左分组）：</p>
<table class="reference">
    <colgroup>
    <col style="width: 56%">
    <col style="width: 44%">
    </colgroup>
    <thead>
    <tr><th><p>运算符</p></th>
    <th><p>描述</p></th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>(expressions...)</span></code>,</p>
    <p><code><span>[expressions...]</span></code>,
    <code><span>{key:</span> <span>value...}</span></code>,
    <code><span>{expressions...}</span></code></p>
    </td>
    <td><p>圆括号的表达式</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>x[index]</span></code>, <code><span>x[index:index]</span></code>,
    <code><span>x(arguments...)</span></code>, <code><span>x.attribute</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>读取，切片，调用，属性引用</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><span>await</span> <span>x</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>await 表达式</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>**</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>乘方(指数)</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>+x</span></code>, <code><span>-x</span></code>, <code><span>~x</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>正，负，按位非 NOT</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>*</span></code>, <code><span>@</span></code>, <code><span>/</span></code>, <code><span>//</span></code>, <code><span>%</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>乘，矩阵乘，除，整除，取余</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>+</span></code>, <code><span>-</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>加和减</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>&lt;&lt;</span></code>, <code><span>&gt;&gt;</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>移位</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>&amp;</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>按位与 AND</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>^</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>按位异或 XOR</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>|</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>按位或 OR</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>in</span></code>,<code><span>not</span> <span>in</span></code>,
   <code><span>is</span></code>,<code><span>is</span> <span>not</span></code>, <code><span>&lt;</span></code>,
    <code><span>&lt;=</span></code>, <code><span>&gt;</span></code>, <code><span>&gt;=</span></code>, <code><span>!=</span></code>, <code><span>==</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>比较运算，包括成员检测和标识号检测</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>not</span> <span>x</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>逻辑非 NOT</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>and</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>逻辑与 AND</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>or</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>逻辑或 OR</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>if</span></code> -- <code><span>else</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>条件表达式</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><code><span>lambda</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>lambda 表达式</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><p><code><span>:=</span></code></p></td>
    <td><p>赋值表达式</p></td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
    </table>

<p>以下实例演示了Python所有运算符优先级的操作：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 3.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">20</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">10</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">15</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">d</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> * </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> / </span><span class="hl-identifier">d</span><span class="hl-code">       </span><span class="hl-comment">#( 30 * 15 ) / 5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">(a + b) * c / d 运算结果为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">,  </span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> * </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> / </span><span class="hl-identifier">d</span><span class="hl-code">     </span><span class="hl-comment"># (30 * 15 ) / 5</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">((a + b) * c) / d 运算结果为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">,  </span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> * </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-code"> / </span><span class="hl-identifier">d</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">    </span><span class="hl-comment"># (30) * (15/5)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">(a + b) * (c / d) 运算结果为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">,  </span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">b</span><span class="hl-code"> * </span><span class="hl-identifier">c</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> / </span><span class="hl-identifier">d</span><span class="hl-code">      </span><span class="hl-comment">#  20 + (150/5)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">a + (b * c) / d 运算结果为：</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">,  </span><span class="hl-identifier">e</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
(a + b) * c / d 运算结果为： 90.0
((a + b) * c) / d 运算结果为： 90.0
(a + b) * (c / d) 运算结果为： 90.0
a + (b * c) / d 运算结果为： 50.0
</pre>

<p>and 拥有更高优先级:</p>

<div class="example"><h2 class="example">实例</h2> <div class="example_code"><div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-identifier">x</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">True</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">y</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">False</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">z</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">False</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">x</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">or</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">y</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">and</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">z</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">yes</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code">:
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">print</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">no</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div></div></div>
<p>以上实例先计算 <span class="marked">y and z</span> 并返回 False ，然后 <span class="marked">x or False</span> 返回 True，输出结果：</p>
<pre>yes
</pre>

<blockquote><p><strong>注意：</strong>Python3 已不支持 <span class="marked">&lt;&gt;</span>  运算符，可以使用 <span class="marked">!=</span> 代替，如果你一定要使用这种比较运算符，可以使用以下的方式：</p>
<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; from __future__ import barry_as_FLUFL
&gt;&gt;&gt; 1 &lt;&gt; 2
True</pre></blockquote>

			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
			<hr>
<pre id="py-qa-1" style="display:none;">x = True
y = False
z = False

if x or y and z:
    print("yes")
else:
    print("no")
</pre>
<pre id="py-qa-2" style="display:none;">
x = True
y = False
z = False

if not x or y:
    print(1)
elif not x or not y and z:
    print(2)
elif not x or y or not y and x:
    print(3)
else:
    print(4)
</pre>
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code2= '<pre>' + $("#py-qa-2").html() + '</pre>';
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    questions: [
      {
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        'options': [
          'x^y',
          'x**y',
          'x^^y',
          'Python 没有提到'
        ],
        'correctIndex': 1,
        'correctResponse': '回答正确。',
        'incorrectResponse': '回答错误，正确的是 x**y。'
      },
      {
        'q':  ' 22 % 3 表达式输出结果为？',
        'options': [
          '7',
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      },
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        ],
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        'incorrectResponse': '回答错误，正确的是 3。** 拥有更高的优先级。'
      },
      {
        'q': '9//2 表达式输出结果为？',
        'options': [
          '1',
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        ],
        'correctIndex': 3,
        'correctResponse': '回答正确，// 用于向下取接近除数的整数。',
        'incorrectResponse': '回答错误，正确的为 4，// 用于向下取接近除数的整数。'
      },
      {
        'q': '如果表达式的操作符有相同的优先级，则运算规则是？',
        'options': [
          '左到右',
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          '看心情',
        ],
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      },
    ]
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		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-11012"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;见剑渐健</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;502***31@qq.con</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-11012" data-commid = "11012" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">419</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-11012"><p>开始不理解这段：</p><p></p>


<blockquote><p>
以下假设变量 a 为 10, b为 20:
and x and y 布尔"与" - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 False，否则它返回 y 的计算值。 (a and b) 返回 20。
</p></blockquote>

<p>

百度之后得到结论：</p>
<p>
python 中的 and 从左到右计算表达式，若所有值均为真，则返回最后一个值，若存在假，返回第一个假值；</p><p>
or 也是从左到有计算表达式，返回第一个为真的值；</p><p>
其中数字 0 是假，其他都是真；</p><p>
字符 "" 是假，其他都是真；</p><p>
<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">见剑渐健</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;见剑渐健</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;502***31@qq.con</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-04-14)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-17106"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stone_Fly</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;fei***_abc@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-17106" data-commid = "17106" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">339</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-17106"><p>一开始输入了</p>

<pre>a = 00111100</pre>
<p>这么个赋值语句被提示了错误，于是去搜了下相关的博客得知 python 中数字有以下的表示方式：</p>



<p><strong>2</strong> 进制是以 <span class="marked">0b</span> 开头的: 例如: 0b11 则表示十进制的 3</p>

<p><strong>8</strong> 进制是以 <span class="marked">0o</span> 开头的: 例如: 0o11 则表示十进制的 9 </p>

<p><strong>16</strong> 进制是以 <span class="marked">0x</span> 开头的: 例如: 0x11 则表示十进制的 17</p>

<p>但是在测试的时候又遇到了个问题，那就是输出来的被自动转化成了十进制：</p>

<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; a=0b111100
&gt;&gt;&gt; a
60</pre>
<p>于是又去找了怎么输出二进制，得到了以下内容：</p>

<p>分别使用 bin，oct，hex 可输出数字的二进制，八进制，十六进制形式，例如：</p>

<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; a=0b111100
&gt;&gt;&gt; a=60
&gt;&gt;&gt; bin(a)
'0b111100'
&gt;&gt;&gt; oct(a)
'0o74'
&gt;&gt;&gt; hex(a)
'0x3c'</pre>
<p>疑问解决!</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Stone_Fly</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stone_Fly</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;fei***_abc@163.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-09-03)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-17779"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HnaLin</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;925***487@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://blog.csdn.net/rodneyzhaonet/article/details/20413655?locationNum=16">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-17779" data-commid = "17779" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">316</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-17779"><p>刚开始学 python，当想要自增运算的时候很自然的 a++，结果发现编译器是不认识 ++ 的，于是去网上搜了一下，结果发现一篇老外的问答很精彩，涉及到了 python 这个语言的设计原理。</p>

<p>问题无外乎就是 python 没有自增运算符，自增操作是如何实现的。</p>

<p>回答中有人介绍了关于自增操作，python 不使用 ++ 的哲学逻辑：编译解析上的简洁与语言本身的简洁，就不具体翻译了。</p>

<p>后面还有老外回答并附带了一个例子非常的精彩，指出了 python 与 c 语言概念上的一些差异，语言描述的可能未必准确，直接上例子：</p>

<pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; b = 5  
&gt;&gt;&gt; a = 5  
&gt;&gt;&gt; id(a)  
162334512  
&gt;&gt;&gt; id(b)  
162334512  
&gt;&gt;&gt; a is b  
True  
</pre>

<p>可以看出， python 中，变量是以内容为基准而不是像 c 中以变量名为基准，所以只要你的数字内容是5，不管你起什么名字，这个变量的 ID 是相同的，同时也就说明了 python 中一个变量可以以多个名称访问。</p>

<p>这样的设计逻辑决定了 python 中数字类型的值是不可变的，因为如果如上例，a 和 b 都是 5，当你改变了 a 时，b 也会跟着变，这当然不是我们希望的。</p>

<p>因此，正确的自增操作应该 a = a + 1 或者 a += 1，当此 a 自增后，通过 id() 观察可知，id 值变化了，即 a 已经是新值的名称。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">HnaLin</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HnaLin</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;925***487@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://blog.csdn.net/rodneyzhaonet/article/details/20413655?locationNum=16">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>6年前 (2017-09-19)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-19934"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ohpenger</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;807***094@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-19934" data-commid = "19934" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">499</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-19934"><p><strong>纠正一下楼上的一些观点</strong></p>

<p>楼上的同学所说的在脚本式编程环境中没有问题。但是在交互式环境中，编译器会有一个小整数池的概念，会把（-5，256）间的数预先创建好，而当a和b超过这个范围的时候，两个变量就会指向不同的对象了，因此地址也会不一样，比如下例：</p>

<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; a=1000
&gt;&gt;&gt; b=1000
&gt;&gt;&gt; id(a);id(b)
2236612366224
2236617350384
&gt;&gt;&gt;</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">ohpenger</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ohpenger</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;807***094@qq.com</p></div></span>6年前 (2017-11-06)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-20891"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beihangld</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;bei***gld@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-20891" data-commid = "20891" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">131</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-20891"><p>位运算，是自己平时最不熟悉的一块，相信很多人也是这样，但巧妙的运用位运算可以来解决很多题目，例如，剑指offer上面的一道：</p>

<p>输入一个整数，输出该数二进制表示中1的个数。其中负数用补码表示。</p>

<pre># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Solution:
    def NumberOf1(self, n):
        # write code here
        cnt = 0
        if n&lt;0:
            n = n &amp; 0xffffffff
        while n:
            cnt+=1
            n = (n-1) &amp; n
        return cnt</pre>

<p>通过按位与，巧妙的计算出二进制中"1"的个数。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">beihangld</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beihangld</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;bei***gld@163.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2017-11-28)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-24872"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cash</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;upc***h@126.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-24872" data-commid = "24872" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">83</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-24872"><p data-title="Python is 和 == 的区别" data-commid="35795, 37148 , 46948"><strong>is 和 ==</strong></p>

<p><span class="marked">is</span> 判断两个变量是否是引用同一个内存地址。</p>

<p><span class="marked">==</span> 判断两个变量是否相等。</p>

<p>如果不用 a = b 赋值，int 型时，在数值为 <strong>-5~256（64位系统）</strong>时，两个变量引用的是同一个内存地址，其他的数值就不是同一个内存地址了。</p>

<p>也就是，a b 在 -5~256（64位系统）时：</p>

<pre>a = 100
b = 100
a is b # 返回 True</pre>

<p>其他类型如列表、元祖、字典让 a、b 分别赋值一样的时：</p>

<pre>a is b  # 返回False</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="../note/24872">cash</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cash</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;upc***h@126.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-03-12)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-35795"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;风的尽头</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;132***4331@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-35795" data-commid = "35795" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">154</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-35795"><p><strong>== 和 is 的区别</strong></p>

<p><strong>is</strong> 判断两个对象是否为同一对象, 是通过 id 来判断的; 当两个基本类型数据(或元组)内容相同时, id 会相同, 但并不代表 a 会随 b 的改变而改变。</p>
<p><strong>==</strong> 判断两个对象的内容是否相同, 是通过调用 <span class="marked">__eq__()</span> 来判断的。</p>

<p>1、当列表，元组，字典中的值都引用 a,b 时，总是返回 True，不受 a,b 值大小的影响</p>

<pre>a=1000
b=1000
list1=[a,3,5]
list2=[b,4,5]
print(list1[0] is list2[0])
tuple1=(a,3,5)
tuple2=(b,4,5)
print(tuple1[0] is tuple2[0])
dict1={6:a,2:3,3:5}
dict2={1:b,2:4,3:7}
print(dict1[6] is dict2[1])</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>
<pre>True
True
True</pre>
<p>2、当不引用a,b，直接用具体值来测试时，列表，字典，不受值大小影响，返回True，元组则受 256 值范围的影响，超出范围则地址改变，返回 False。</p>

<pre>list1=[1000,3,5]
list2=[1000,4,5]
print(list1[0] is list2[0])
tuple1=(1000,3,5)
tuple2=(1000,4,5)
print(tuple1[0] is tuple2[0])
dict1={6:1000,2:3,3:5}
dict2={1:1000,2:4,3:7}
print(dict1[6] is dict2[1])</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>
<pre>True
False
True</pre>
<p>3、当直接用列表、元组、字典本身来测试时，刚好相反，元组返回 True，列表，字典返回 False。</p>

<pre>list1=[1000,3,5]
list2=[1000,3,5]
print(list1 is list2)
tuple1=(1000,3,5)
tuple2=(1000,3,5)
print(tuple1 is tuple2)
dict1={1:1000,2:3,3:5}
dict2={1:1000,2:3,3:5}
print(dict1 is dict2)</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>
<pre>False
True
False</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">风的尽头</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;风的尽头</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;132***4331@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-10-11)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-37148"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;barryxiao</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;bar***xiao@91kaixi.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-37148" data-commid = "37148" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">76</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-37148"><p><strong>关于 is 和 == 的标识问题</strong></p>

<p>（1）只要是变量的值相同，标识都相同，没有-5~256的限制，看下面的例子：</p>

<pre>a = 100000
b = 100000
if a is b:
    print('a 和 b 标识相同，标识为：',id(a))
else:
    print('a 和 b 标识不相同,a 标识为：',id(a),'b 标识为：',id(b))</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>

<pre>a 和 b 标识相同，标识为： 2158477874512</pre>
<p>（2）同样的如果是负数，仍然没有上述限制：</p>

<pre>a = -100000
b = -100000
if a is b:
    print('a 和 b 标识相同，标识为：',id(a))
else:
    print('a 和 b 标识不相同,a 标识为：',id(a),'b 标识为：',id(b))</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>

<pre>a 和 b 标识相同，标识为： 2137845175632</pre>
<p>（3）列表也是一样的，只要是列表项数值一样，那么标识也是一样的。例子如下：</p>

<pre>list1 = [10000,20000,30000]
list2 = [10000,12000,15000]
if list1[0] is list2[0]:
    print('list1[0] 和 list2[0] 标识相同，标识为：',id(list1[0]))
else:
    print('list1[0] 和 list2[0] 标识不相同,list1[0]标识为：',id(list1[0]),'list2[0]标识为：',id(list2[0]))</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>

<pre>list1[0] 和 list2[0] 标识相同，标识为： 1375086286224</pre>
<p>（4）元组的标识是跟着变量名的，变量名不一样，标识也不一样，上例子：</p>

<pre>tuple1 = (10000,20000,30000)
tuple2 = (10000,12000,15000)
if tuple1[0] is tuple2[0]:
    print('tuple1[0] 和 tuple2[0] 标识相同，标识为：',id(tuple1[0]))
else:
    print('tuple1[0] 和 tuple2[0] 标识不相同,tuple1[0] 标识为：',id(tuple1[0]),'tuple2[0]标识为：',id(tuple2[0]))</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>

<pre>tuple1[0] 和 tuple2[0] 标识不相同,tuple1[0] 标识为： 1375086286384 tuple2[0]标识为： 1375086286480</pre>
<p>（5）字典和列表是一样的，只要是列表项数值一样，那么标识也是一样的。例子如下：</p>

<pre>dict1 = {1:10000,2:20000,3:30000}
dict2 = {1:10000,2:12000,3:15000}
if dict1[1] is tuple2[1]:
    print('dict1[1] 和 tuple2[1] 标识相同，标识为：',id(dict1[1]))
else:
    print('dict1[1] 和 tuple2[1] 标识不相同,dict1[1] 标识为：',id(dict1[1]),'tuple2[1] 标识为：',id(dict2[1]))</pre>
<p>输出结果为：</p>

<pre>dict1[1] 和 tuple2[1] 标识不相同,dict1[1] 标识为： 1375086286224 tuple2[1] 标识为： 1375086286224</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">barryxiao</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;barryxiao</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;bar***xiao@91kaixi.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2018-11-19)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-37846"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Victor.L</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;zux***ot@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-37846" data-commid = "37846" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">62</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-37846"><p>纠正上面 <a href="#div-comment-20891" rel="nofollow">beihangld</a> 评论关于“<strong>整数中 1 的数量</strong>”问题：由源码分析可知，Python3 整数对象存储为无符号数加上符号位标志，所以不存在“负数”补码形式，因此，计算 “1” 的数量需要按去符号后的无符号数：</p>

<pre>cnt=bin(n).count('1')</pre>
<p>另外，Python3 无长整，整数长度原则上不限，所以不能以假定的 32 位处理。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Victor.L</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Victor.L</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;zux***ot@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2018-12-08)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-40694"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;夜风</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;284***030@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq284489030/article/details/88533603">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-40694" data-commid = "40694" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">40</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-40694"><p>深刻理解 and、or 逻辑运算符:</p>

<pre>print(0 and 1)      # =&gt;0,0等同于False
print(False and 1)  # =&gt;False
print(-1 and 1)     # =&gt;1
print(1 or False)   # =&gt;1,非零等同于True
print(True or False)# =&gt;True
print(-1 or 0)      # =&gt;-1</pre>
<ul><li>
and：前面为假（0 或者 False）则表达式为假，否则表达式为后面的值；</li><li>
or：前面为真（非 0 或者非 False）则表达式为前面的值，否则表达式为后面的值；</li></ul>
<p>优先级：<strong>not&gt;and&gt;or</strong></p>

<pre>print(1 and 0 or  not False) #=&gt;True
print( not False or 1 and 0) #=&gt;True
print( 1 or not True and 0)  #=&gt;1</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">夜风</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;夜风</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;284***030@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq284489030/article/details/88533603">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>4年前 (2019-03-13)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-46948"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码菇凉</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;115***5475@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-46948" data-commid = "46948" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">23</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-46948"><p>看了 "is" 和 "==" 的区别，我有了进一步的了解。</p>

<p><strong>is</strong> 是比较对象是否相同(is 表示对象标识符即 object identity)，即用 id() 函数查看的地址是否相同，如果相同则返回 True，如果不同则返回 False。is 不能被重载。</p>

<p><strong>==</strong> 是比较两个对象的值是否相等，此操作符内部调用的是 <strong>__eq__()</strong>  方法。所以 a==b 等效于a.__eq__(b)，所以 = 可以被重载。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">代码菇凉</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;代码菇凉</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;115***5475@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2019-09-22)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-47278"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;niceqingfeng</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;211***6167@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/whylinux/p/9501470.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-47278" data-commid = "47278" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">60</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-47278"><h3>and or not </h3>
<p>优先级：</p><pre>() &gt; not &gt; and &gt; or</pre>

<p><strong>1.or</strong></p>

<p>在 Python 中，逻辑运算符 or，x or y， 如果 x 为 True 则返回 x，如果 x 为 False 返回 y 值。因为如果 x 为 True 那么 or 运算就不需要在运算了，因为一个为真则为真，所以返回 x 的值。如果 x 的值为假，那么 or 运算的结果取决于 y，所以返回 y 的值。</p>

<pre>print(1 or 2)   # 1
print(3 or 2)   # 3
print(0 or 2)   # 2
print(0 or 100) # 100
print(0 or 0)</pre>

<p><strong>2.and</strong></p>

<p>在 Python 中，逻辑运算符 and，x and y，如果 x 为 True 则返回 y 值。如果 x 为 False 则返回 x 值。如果 x 的值为 True，and 的运算不会结束，会继续看 y 的值，所以此时真与假取决于 y 的值，所以 x 如果为真，则返回 y 的值。如果 x 为假，那么 and 运算就会结束运算过程了，因为有一个为假则 and 为假，所以返回 x 的值。</p>

<pre>print(1 and 2)  # 2
print(3 and 0)  # 0
print(0 and 2)  # 0
print(3 and 2)  # 2
print(0 and 0)  # 0</pre>


<p><strong>3.混合例子与解析</strong></p>

<p>按照从左向由，优先级高的先执行优先级高的规则，首先因为比较运算符优先级高于逻辑运算符，很简单，如果运算符低于了逻辑运算符优先级那还如何运算呢。and 优先级大于 or，not 优先级大于 and 和 or。</p>
<p><span class="marked">not 4 &gt;</span> 5 为 True</p>
<p><span class="marked">1 &gt; 2</span> 为 False</p>
<p><span class="marked">3 &lt; 2</span> 为 False</p>
<p><span class="marked">Flase and 3</span> 为 False，因为False为假所以and不在运算直接返回False</p>

<p><span class="marked">4 and False</span> 为 False，因为 4 为真所以 and 运算符会继续运算后面的，以 False 为主，所以返回 False。</p>
<p><span class="marked">False or False</span> 为 False</p>

<p><span class="marked">False or True</span> 为 True</p>

<p><span class="marked">False or False</span> 为 False，因为 False 为假，所以 or 运算符会继续运算后面的，以 False 为主，所以返回后面的 False 值</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">niceqingfeng</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;niceqingfeng</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;211***6167@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/whylinux/p/9501470.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>4年前 (2019-10-08)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-48055"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fsfing</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;296***837@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/tiange_xiao/article/details/80798984">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-48055" data-commid = "48055" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">19</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-48055"><p>剑指offer上面的一道：</p>

<pre># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
    # bin函数： bin返回一个整数的二进制字符串，以0b开头，
    # bin(10) '0b1010'  bin(-10)  '-0b1010'
    #
    # count函数 返回字符串当中非重叠的字符串的个数，可以传入start，end来表示对字符串切片的结果
    #
    #如果一个数为负数，那么2**32 + n 然后再用bin返回的就是它的补码形式。 补码+源码=2**32
    def NumberOf1(self, n):
        if n &gt;= 0:
            return bin(n).count('1')
        else:
            return bin(2**32 + n).count('1')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    solution = Solution()
    print(solution.NumberOf1(10))
    print(solution.NumberOf1(-10))</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">fsfing</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fsfing</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;296***837@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/tiange_xiao/article/details/80798984">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>4年前 (2019-11-01)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-50206"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿卡</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;hel***g6291@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-50206" data-commid = "50206" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">52</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-50206"><p>剑指offer上面的一道：</p>

<p>除了使用python内置的bin函数和字符串计数方法count求二进制数据的1的个数外，用自己的表达式求解可如下做：</p>

<pre>a = 60 #其二进制值为0b00111100
n = 0 #用于计数
while a: #用移位方法求解，直到a移位为0为止
    if a &amp; 1 == 1:
        n += 1 #将a与1进行位与操作，即可知道a的最后1位是否为1，若为1，则计数n增1，不然则无需变化n的值
    a &gt;&gt;= 1 #测试了a的最后一位后，将最后一位右移移除，重新赋值给a
print(n) #打印最后的计数数据</pre>

<p>以上代码显示n=4，计算正确。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">阿卡</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;阿卡</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;hel***g6291@qq.com</p></div></span>3年前 (2020-01-20)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-61927"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;szd</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;szd***ward@163.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/chenzuen113113/article/details/79960083">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-61927" data-commid = "61927" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">25</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-61927"><p>回复<span class="marked"><a href="#comment-11012" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">@一楼</a></span>的疑问：</p>

<blockquote><p>
以下假设变量 a 为 10, b为 20:
and x and y 布尔"与" - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 False，否则它返回 y 的计算值。 (a and b) 返回 20。
</p></blockquote>

<p><strong>&、&& 的区别</strong></p>
<ul><li>
1、最终结果一样。</li><li>
2、& 无论左边是 false 还是 true，右边都执行。</li><li>
3、&& 具有短路效果，左边是 false, 右边不执行。</li><li>
4、&& 效率更高，项目中推荐使用。</li></ul>
<p><strong>|、||的区别</strong></p><ul><li>
1、最总的结果一样。</li><li>
2、|无论左边是false还是true，右边都会执行。</li><li>
3、||具有短路效果，左边是true,右边不执行。</li><li>
4、||效果效率更高，项目中推荐使用。</li></ul>
<div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">szd</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;szd</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;szd***ward@163.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/chenzuen113113/article/details/79960083">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>2年前 (2021-03-06)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-72175"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27岁Pyhon初学者</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;244***689@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-72175" data-commid = "72175" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">19</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-72175"><pre># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Solution:
    def NumberOf1(self, n):
        # write code here
        cnt = 0
        if n&lt;0:
            n = n &amp; 0xffffffff
        while n:
            cnt+=1
            n = (n-1) &amp; n
        return cnt</pre>
<p data-title="n=n&0xffffffff">针对这一段代码，讲讲里面的细节，只对小白。</p>

<p>首先为什么要 <span class="marked">n=n&0xffffffff</span>，<span class="marked">0xffffffff</span> 表示 32 个 1，做这一个步骤是为了让 n 显示 32 位，否则默认按 4 位显示。</p>
<p>
<strong>补码：</strong>按 32 位取反码后+1。</p>
<p>
最后 <span class="marked">n=（n-1）&n</span>，非常巧妙了，<strong>n-1</strong> 的作用是把最右边 1 后面的数字取反，位与运算后就可以这个 <span class="marked">1</span> 后面的数字变成 0，while 循环后就可以数出有多少个 1 了。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="../note/72175">27岁Pyhon初学者</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27岁Pyhon初学者</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;244***689@qq.com</p></div></span>1年前 (2022-04-27)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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